Background: Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a common subacute, chronic inflammatory mucocutaneous disease of the oral mucosa with unknown etiopathogenesis. Currently, the antioxidants such as retinoids, β-carotenoids, Aloe vera, purslane, turmeric, and lycopene are being successfully used in the treatment of OLP lesions, suggesting the role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of OLP.

Aims: The aim of this study was to assess the clinical effects of lycopene in the management of OLP lesions.

Materials and Methods: After obtaining written informed consent, 13 patients with symptomatic OLP and proven by biopsy were received capsule lycopene 4 mg/day for 8 consecutive weeks. The assessment was done at 0, 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks of the interval using Thongprasom clinical sign scores to record the improvement in the clinical sign and symptoms of OLP lesions. Complete remission of the disease was defined as a complete absence of symptom and clinical sign scores of OLP lesions.

Results: Among 13 patients, seven patients were male. The age ranged from 27 to 74 years. At baseline, the mean Thongprasom clinical sign score was 2.77 ± 1.74 that became 0.85 ± 0.37 (69%) after 8 weeks of treatment with lycopene, which was statistically significant (P = 0.005). Complete remission of the lesions was seen in two patients, and partial remission was seen in 11 patients after 8 consecutive weeks of treatment with lycopene.

Conclusion: The result of this study was encouraging. In contrast to other management modalities for OLP, lycopene offers a safe, efficacious, and reliable treatment that yields a significant improvement in the signs and symptoms of the patients, which may be due to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity. Therefore, lycopene can be recommended as a good treatment option in the prevention and management of OPL lesions.

Clinical Significance: Finding from this study may help the dentist and clinician to choose lycopene as an alternative drug with less reported adverse effect for the effective management and prevention of OLP lesions

Key words: Antioxidant, lycopene, oral lichen planus, reactive oxygen species, treatment, β-carotenoid

How to cite this article: Kushwaha RP, Rauniar GP, Rimal J. Clinical Assessment of the Effects of Lycopene in the Management of Oral Lichen Planus. Int Dent Med J Adv Res 2019;5:1-5.

Received: 26 June 18;

Accepted: 03 November 18

Aim: This study aims to evaluate and compare the tensile strength of gutta-percha points after disinfection with different types of disinfectants with different time durations.

Materials and Methods: Gutta-percha points of size 25, 6% taper were disinfected with 5.25% sodium hypochlorite, 5.25% calcium hypochlorite, 10% hydrogen peroxide, and Aloe vera gel for 20 s, 40 s, and 1 min separately except the control group. Tensile strengths of gutta-percha were measured using the computer control universal testing machine. The data were statistically analyzed using one-way (ANOVA).

Results: Results were subjected to statistical analysis one-way ANOVA and Tukey post hoc test. All these disinfectants solutions decreased the tensile strength of GP cones. Among the study groups, A. vera gel shows maximum reduction in tensile strength when used for 60 s as compare to 20 and 40 s duration.

Conclusion: Within the limitations of the study, it can be concluded that sodium hypochlorite, calcium hypochlorite, and hydrogen peroxide are safer disinfectants for the gutta-percha cones.

Clinical Significance: Gutta-percha disinfectants can affect the tensile strength of gutta-percha that may lead to change in the treatment outcome after root canal treatment.

Keywords: Aloe vera, calcium hypochlorite, disinfection, gutta-percha cones, hydrogen peroxide, sodium hypochlorite, tensile strength

How to cite this article: Naved M. Comparative evaluation of tensile strength of gutta-percha points after using different disinfectants and time durations - An in vitro study. Int Dent Med J Adv Res 2019;5:1-5.

Received: 25 November 2018;

Accepted: 07 March 2019

Background: Halitosis, defined as an offensive or unpleasant odor, is a very common problem affecting up to 50% of the population.

Aim: This study aims to assess the efficacy of different mouthwashes in the treatment of halitosis.

Methodology: A PubMed search through June 2018 using the following Medical Subject Headings terms “halitosis/therapy” and “mouthwashes” was performed. Studies with findings of the use of mouthwashes for the treatment of halitosis were assessed. From 75 studies of mouthwashes with full-text availability, 62 were excluded for several reasons: Studies with no placebo group (35) and no usable data (27). The data were analyzed using statistical software RevMan 5.3 (The Cochrane Collaboration, Oxford, UK). For continuous outcomes, the estimates of the effects of an intervention were expressed as mean differences (MD) or standardized MD (SMD) using the inverse variance method with 95% confidence intervals.

Results: A total of 13 studies on the treatment of halitosis with mouthwashes were included in this meta-analysis. The greatest reductions in organoleptic score were achieved with the zinc acetate and chlorhexidine diacetate mouthwash (MD: -1.10); of volatile sulfur compounds with 0.12% chlorhexidine gluconate mouthwash (SMD: -6.19); of the hydrogen sulfide levels with the zinc acetate and chlorhexidine diacetate mouthwash (SMD: -1.31); of the methyl mercaptan levels with the chlorine dioxide mouthwash (SMD: -1.06); and of the dimethyl sulfide levels also with the ClO2 mouthwash (SMD: -1.22).

Conclusions: Mouthwashes are an acceptable alternative for the treatment of halitosis, especially those that contain chlorhexidine as the main active principle.

Keywords: Clinical trials as topic, halitosis/therapy, mouthwashes

How to cite this article: Rodriguez-Archilla A, Muñoz-Martin M. Evaluation of different mouthwashes for the treatment of halitosis. Int Dent Med J Adv Res 2019;5:1-7.

Received: 19 February 2019;

Accepted: 12 April 2019

Background: The article is an attempt to provide a true and clear understanding of the principles of Islam and their psychological influence on the followers. Like all religions, Islam, its teachings and rituals also have an impact on the everyday life of an individual. This makes the study of mental health in relation to Islam an important field of research which is very much required in the current global sociopolitical scenario.

Aim: The aim of the article is to discuss various Islamic rituals and how they influence on mental health. To provide a clear understanding of Islamic principles, the impact of Islamic rituals on mental health and to understand factors outside of Islam that contributes to poor mental health outcomes.

Materials and Methods: To explore the research question, a literature review was conducted. Deakin library resources were used through EBSCOhost, databases such as MEDLINE complete, PsycARTICLES, PsycEXTRA, CINHAL Complete, and Psychology were also systematically explored for appropriate peer-reviewed research literature. Reference lists of the retrieved articles were also searched. Google Scholar was also used to search for and obtain literature unavailable in other databases. Articles relating to Islamic principles and mental health outcomes were included.

Results: At the end of literature review, it is concluded that Islamic rituals play a constructive part in developing the personality of the believer where some rituals are seen encouraging a disciplined lifestyle and some play a part in increasing self-control. Following most of the Islamic rituals reduces stress and depression of everyday life.

Conclusion: It is recommended that non-Muslims should participate more in exploring Islam and conduct studies on it with the western perspective. For studies to be more neutral, researchers from different religious backgrounds should work together with the help of scales especially meant for measuring Islamic religiosity.

Keywords: Awareness, Islam, mental health, psychological influence, religion

How to cite this article: Najam KS, Khan RS, Waheed A, Hassan R. Impact of Islamic practices on the mental health of Muslims. Int Dent Med J Adv Res 2019;5:1-6.

Received: 02 January 2019;

Accepted: 26 April 2019

Background: Maintenance of good denture hygiene is important and the immersion in various chemical disinfectants has been suggested. Dentures may undergo repeated cycles of immersion in denture cleansing solutions. Therefore, the effect that these cleansing solutions have on the physical and mechanical properties of denture base polymers should be considered.

Aim: This study aims to investigate the effects of three denture cleansers on the color, surface roughness, and flexural strength of heat-polymerized acrylic resin.

Materials and Methods: The specimens were prepared in two shapes, a rectangle with size 64 mm × 10 mm × 3.5 mm and a disk with diameter 50 mm × 0.5 mm. 84 samples were prepared for each shape and divided into four groups (n = 21) - tap water, Bony Plus®, 0.5% lemongrass oil concentrate solution, and 5% vinegar solution. For each group, the soaking cycle consisted of 8 h immersion in the denture cleaner mixed with tap water, followed by washing under running tap water and then soaking for 16 h in distilled water at 37°C in an incubator. The physical properties were evaluated at 2 and 3 months.

Results: Samples immersed in 0.5% lemongrass oil exhibited the highest color change (P < 0.05), increased surface roughness, and decreased flexural strength when compared to the control group and 5% vinegar. Samples immersed in Bony Plus® and 0.5% lemongrass oil did not show significant differences in color change, surface roughness, and flexural strength after immersion for 2 and 3 months.

Conclusion: All three types of the denture cleansers caused more color changes, increased surface roughness, and lowered flexural strength than the control group. However, Bony Plus® and 0.5% lemongrass could be recommended as adjunctive denture cleansers.

Keywords: Chemical denture cleansers, color stability, flexural strength, heat-polymerized acrylic resin, surface roughness

How to cite this article: Boonsoe N, Kanson R, Sookto T. Effect of denture cleansers on physical and mechanical properties of denture base acrylic resin. Int Dent Med J Adv Res 2019;5:1-5

Received: 08 February 2019;

Accepted: 06 May 2019

Background: The flexural strength greatly influences the selection of core material because core must withstand forces due to mastication and parafunction for many years.

Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the flexural strength of four different post-endodontic restorative materials.

Materials and Methods: A total of 40 specimens were fabricated in a plexiglass mold divided into four groups of each 10 each type of material (n = 10), namely as high copper (Cu) amalgam (DPI Alloy), nanohybrid composite (Ivoclar Vivadent), dual-cure core build-up composite (LuxaCore Z, DMG), and flowable (dual cure) composite (Rebilda DC, VOCO). All the materials were mixed according to the manufacturer’s recommendations and rectangular plexiglass split molds of dimension 25 ± 1 mm {length} × 2 ± 1 mm {height} × 2 ± 1 mm {width} were used for fabricating samples for flexural strength. The samples were immersed in distilled water at 37°C for 15 min. The specimens were then ground and polished with 600 grit sandpaper and stored in water at 37°C for 24 h before testing. The flexural strength was tested using a universal Instron testing machine determined at a crosshead speed of 1 mm/min. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA which was applied to verify the existence of statistical significance between group variations, followed by the Tukey test for post hoc comparison.

Results: The fracture resistance was higher for the groups with Rebilda DC (66.67 ± 0.41) and LuxaCore Z (62.35 ± 0.34), which presented no statistically significant difference (P > 0.05) but was significantly higher than in those with nanohybrid composite and high Cu amalgam (P < 0.05).

Conclusion: It was concluded that dual-cure core build-up materials (LuxaCore Z and Rebilda DC) had superior flexural strength than other two materials. The strength of LuxaCore Z was less than Rebilda DC but more in comparison amalgam and nanohybrid composite.

Keywords: Amalgam, Flexural strength, luxaCore Z, nanohybrid composite, Rebilda DC, universal testing machine

How to cite this article: Kapadia Z, Jadhav S, Patil M, Hegde V, Minal M. A comparative evaluation of flexural strength of four different post-endodontic restorative materials: An in vitro study. Int Dent Med J Adv Res 2019;5:1-5.

Received: 21 January 2019;

Accepted: 10 May 2019

Background: In addition to, tobacco consumption and/or alcohol intake, human papillomavirus (HPV) infection plays an increasingly important role as an etiologic factor for oral cancer, especially for oropharyngeal cancer.

Aim: The aim of the study was to describe the differential characteristics of HPV-positive and HPV-negative mouth neoplasms.

Methodology: A PubMed search through December 2018, considering Medical Subject Headings terms such as “mouth neoplasms” and “papillomavirus infections” were achieved. Studies with results of HPV detection in oral carcinomas were assessed. From 202 studies with full-text availability, 173 were excluded for several reasons: Studies that did not compare HPV positive and HPV negative oral tumors (161), and studies with no usable/irrelevant data (12). Statistical analysis was performed using the statistical software IBM SPSS Statistics 22.0 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY). Descriptive statistics included means, standard deviations, and percentages. For continuous variables, the Student’s t-test was used. For categorical variables, the Pearson Chi-square test with Fisher’s exact test when required was also used.

Results: Twenty-nine studies on HPV infection and oral cancer were considered. 37.4% of oral cancers were infected by HPV. Positive HPV oral tumors appeared in younger patients (P = 0.02), with male gender (P < 0.001), with smaller tumor sizes (T1, T2, P < 0.01), a greater lymph node involvement (N+, P < 0.001), a higher tumor stage (P < 0.001), and a lower tobacco consumption (P = 0.01) although higher alcohol intake (P = 0.01) and an overexpression of the p16 protein (P < 0.001).

Conclusions: HPV-infected oral cancers have both different characteristics and biological behavior than those of uninfected tumors.

Clinical Significance: The increased incidence of oral HPV-positive tumors highlights the current primordial role of HPV infection in oral carcinogenesis along with other well-known factors such as tobacco and/or alcohol consumption.

Keywords: Epidemiology, mouth neoplasms, oral manifestations, papillomavirus infections, signs and symptoms

How to cite this article: Rodriguez-Archilla A, Ortiz-Mosquera VE. Differential characteristics of human papillomavirus-positive and human papillomavirus-negative oral carcinomas. Int Dent Med J Adv Res 2019;5:1-9.

Received: 16 April 2019;

Accepted: 01 June 2019

Background: Periodontal disease is primarily caused by a specific group of microorganisms which colonizes tooth surfaces in the form of a biofilm called dental plaque. Periodontal diseases include conditions such as chronic periodontitis, aggressive periodontitis, and necrotizing periodontitis.

Aim: The aim of the study was to evaluate the efficacy of chlorhexidine chip (Col-CG) with scaling and root planing (SRP) in reducing the clinical signs of periodontitis.

Materials and Methods: The study consisted of 60 sites of periodontal pocket of the age group of 25-55 years with chronic periodontitis. The selected sites were randomly divided into two groups: Groups I and II, then clinical parameters such as plaque index, gingival index, sulcular bleeding index, probing depth, and relative attachment level were recorded.

Results: Group II shows greater improvement in periodontal pocket depth reduction, gain in clinical attachment level, reduced gingival and sulcular bleeding, and minimal plaque accumulation in respect to Group I.

Summary and Conclusion: The development of local delivery devices as Col-CG as an adjunct to SRP showed greater improvement in respect to SRP alone.

Clinical Significance: Col-CG as an adjunct to SRP proved to be efficient, safe, and cost-effective for maintenance of periodontal disease in comparison to SRP alone.

Keywords: Chlorhexidine chip, chronic periodontitis, local drug delivery, root planing, scaling

How to cite this article: Sahu B, Gathe B, Chandrakar J, Zade R, Khade A, Kamble RL. Efficacy of chlorhexidine chips as local drug delivery in non-surgical management of chronic periodontitis. Int Dent Med J Adv Res 2019;5:1-4.

Received: 16 April 2019;

Accepted: 14 June 2019

Background: Medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) is a serious complication of the drug treatment of patients with cancer or with osteoporosis. Among the possible oral triggering factors are traumatic dental procedures such as dental extraction, implant placement, periodontal treatment, or removable denture use.

Aim: This study aims to assess the possible predictive risk factors related to the MRONJ.

Methodology: A PubMed database search of studies on predictive risk factors for MRONJ was performed. The odds ratio (OR) with the Haenszel-Mantel Chi-square formula with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) for the dichotomous variables was used. The inverse of the variance for the mean difference (MD), also with 95% CI for the continuous variables was applied.

Results: Twenty-five studies on predictive risk factors of MRONJ were included in this meta-analysis. The predictive risk MRONJ factors were the intravenous-intramuscular (IV-IM) antiresorptive drug administration (OR: 4.03), an older age (MD: 1.87 years), female gender (OR: 1.23), tobacco consumption (OR: 1.76), and tooth extraction as a potential triggering factor (OR: 6.85). Corticosteroids or antiangiogenic agents intake, periodontal treatment, removable denture use or being diabetic, had no significant influence.

Conclusions: History of tooth extraction and the IV-IM administration of the antiresorptive drug were the most important predictive risk factors for MRONJ.

Clinical Significance: In patients treated with antiresorptive drugs, especially intravenously-intramuscularly, surgical dental treatments should be avoided due to the increased risk of MRONJ.

Keywords: Bisphosphonate-associated osteonecrosis of the jaw, jaw, neoplasms, osteonecrosis, osteoporosis, risk factors

How to cite this article: Rodriguez-Archilla A, Rodriguez-Soriano I. Predictive risk factors of medicationrelated osteonecrosis of the jaw. Int Dent Med J Adv Res 2019;5:1-6.

Received: 28 March 2019;

Accepted: 25 July 2019