Background: The permanent or deciduous anterior teeth is a factor of integration in society and is considered as a discriminating character in the identification of the individual.

Aim: The aim of the study was to determine the coronal diameters of the deciduous incisivo-canine group of the Melano-African children from Cote D’Ivoire.

Methodology: The study involved 1790 deciduous anterior teeth of 366 arches casts of 183 Melano-African children from Cote d’Ivoire, aged from 2 ½ years to 8 ½ years, in stable deciduous and mixed teeth. The coronal diameters were measured at the axial and cervical surfaces by an operator and using a dry-tip compass, transferred to a graduated ruler followed by statistical analysis. A comparative analysis based on the reduced gap test formula compared the coronal diameters of the incisivo-canine group of the right and left hemispheres, also those of the two sexes. The significance test was equal to “t” >1.96 at the 0.05 threshold.

Results: The coronal diameters of the teeth of the incisivo-canine group do not show any statistical difference between the right and left sides. The diameters of the central incisors are statistically identical to those of the lateral incisors in both arches. In the maxilla, the canines are wider than the lateral incisors but identical to the central incisors. On the other hand, at the mandible, the canine has larger diameters than those of the central and lateral incisors. There is no statistical difference between the coronal diameters of the incisive-canine group of boys and girls at both the maxilla and mandible.

Conclusion: The deciduous canine is the widest tooth in the mandible and competes with the deciduous central incisor in the maxilla. The incisivo-canine group does not have any sexual differences.

Clinical significance: The use of dental materials of leucoderma subjects has led to many therapeutic failures in our clinical practices, due to their unsuitability and inapplicability in Melano-African children. This work will make it possible to establish real, precise, and specific standards for the African subject, which will be used to design dental materials that can be adapted for the Melano-African children in Cote d’Ivoire.

Keywords: African melanoderm, coronary diameters, Cote d’Ivoire, deciduous canine, deciduous incisor

How to cite this article: Kolomdou K, Manuel SDM, Boris K, Ramata B. Odontometry of deciduous anterior teeth of the melano-Ivorian subjects. Int Dent Med J Adv Res 2020;6:1-7.

Received 30 December 2019;

Accepted 05 May 2020

Background: New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase (NDM-1) encoding carbapenem resistance, in Gram-negative bacteria, is very common in Indian subcontinent that results in treatment failure, increased health-care cost, and high mortality rate.

Aim: The present study was conducted to determine the prevalence and susceptibility pattern of NDM-1-producing Klebsiella spp.

Materials and Methods: A total of 3265 clinical samples were processed for the isolation of carbapenemase-producing Klebsiella spp. and antibiotic susceptibility testing.

Results: Sixty-one (12.2%) NDM-1 producers were isolated from 502 Klebsiella species. All the NDM-1 producers were resistant to nearly all routine antibiotics.

Conclusion: NDM-1 gene encoding carbapenemase-producing bacteria were found to be resistant to nearly all routine antibiotics.

Clinical significance: The sample-wise distribution and susceptibility pattern of NDM-1-producing Klebsiella spp. will help clinicians for better treatment management and to develop effective hospital infection control policies.

Keywords: Carbapenemase, Klebsiella spp., New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase, polymerase chain reaction

How to cite this article: Kumar N, Aradhye S, Yadav S, Singh VA. Prevalence and antibiotic susceptibility pattern of clinically isolated New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase-producing Klebsiella spp. Int Dent Med J Adv Res 2020;6:1-3.

Received 03 December 2019;

Accepted 05 June 2020

Background: The problem with the connection of implant to natural teeth-supported prosthesis develops from the reality that the tooth and the osseointegrated implants have dissimilar mobility patterns and this may expose the implant to excessive load.

Aim: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of metal and acetal removable partial denture (RPD) framework materials on the stresses around implant-supported RPDs.

Materials and Methods: The study was carried out on mandibular epoxy Class I partially edentulous models with two parallel implants placed at lower first molar area and according to framework materials, two groups were created: Group I: Acetal partial denture framework, Group II: Metallic partial denture framework, for both groups, acrylic record block was made and adjusted to apply occlusal force on the center of the metal plates, regarding the models from the right and left side, stress analysis images were recorded for both groups and for both sides at stresses from 20 to 100 newton, using photoelastic machine and mean stress values were recorded for both groups, tabulated, and statistically analyzed.

Results: There was a difference in significance between acetal and metallic partial denture frameworks where metallic partial denture framework showed higher stress fringes order around implant compared to acetal denture base.

Conclusions: Within the calibrations of this in vitro photoelastic analysis, it was concluded that acetal partial denture frameworks are preferred to use with implant-supported RPD when compared with metal partial denture frameworks, for the preservation of bone around implant.

Clinical significance: Acetal denture bases are the treatment of choice.

Keywords: Acetal denture bases, implant-supported removable partial denture, osseointegrated implants, removable partial denture frameworks

How to cite this article: Salah AM, Elsayed ME, Elmasry SM, Elmahdy MMB. Effect of metal and acetal removable partial denture frameworks on the stresses around implant-supported removable partial dentures. Int Dent Med J Adv Res 2020;6:1-5.

Received 15 December 2019;

Accepted 07 June 2020

Background: The effect of the applied forces on a dental implant depends on several factors which are related to each other from which are the duration, direction, and magnitude of the applied forces. Load transfer to the bone-implant interface relies on load type, geometry of the implant surface structure, as well as properties of the implant and denture material, reaching a beneficial stress level has been the target in different loading scenarios.

Aim: The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of implant’s angulation on the strains induced around implants in mandibular overdentures retained by two implants with ball attachments using nylon caps or retention sil 600 material.

Methodology: Clear acrylic resin model of a mandibular edentulous arch was made. Two implant beds were prepared at the canine regions using consecutive drills, the left side was held perpendicular to the occlusal plane and parallel to the midline while the right implant was drilled with a 15^° distal inclination. Two dental implants were inserted at the canine region bilaterally. A layer of resilient silicone soft lining material about 1.5 mm thickness was applied. The ball attachments were screwed into the corresponding implants with the nylon cap. Two linear strain gauges were attached using adhesive resin at the mesial and distal surfaces of the acrylic resin around each implant. The strain gauges were positioned on the crest of the ridge in a mesiodistal direction perpendicular to the long axis of each implant. A vertical static load of 100 N was applied on the metallic bar. Strains around implants were recorded on the mesial and distal sides after load application. The primer was left to dry and then the retention sil 600 paste was applied into the metal housings. Stresses induced around the implants were recorded. Statistical analysis was performed with SPSS.

Results: The vertically aligned implants had much less stresses than the distally inclined implants with statistically significant difference.

Conclusions: Retention sil 600 may induce less stresses than nylon caps around angled implants in mandibular implant-retained mandibular overdentures.

Clinical significance: Retention sil 600 should be considered over nylon caps around angled implants in mandibular implant-retained mandibular overdentures.

Keywords: Denture stress, Nylon Caps, Overdentures, Straight and Angulated Implants, Strain Gauges

How to cite this article: Abdel Aal MA. Stresses induced on straight and angulated implants using nylon caps and retention sil material in implant-retained mandibular overdentures (strain gauges analysis). Int Dent Med J Adv Res 2020;6:1-5.

Received 30 November 2019;

Accepted 20 March 2020

Background: The main risk factors related to oropharyngeal cancer (OFC) are tobacco and/or alcohol consumption, infectious agents, especially human papillomavirus, and others like dietary factors. The high intake of fruits, especially citrus fruit, and vegetables protects against OFC, while the consumption of processed meat and animal fats increases this risk.

Aim: This study aims to assess the possible influence of the diet on the OFC risk.

Methodology: A search for articles on OFC and diet was performed in the following electronic databases: PubMed (MEDLINE, Cochrane Library), Web of Science (WoS), and Spanish Medical Index (IME). From 125 potentially eligible articles, 111 were excluded for several reasons: Articles without full-text availability (45), studies with a sample size fewer than 100 subjects (16), studies in tumors with a location other than oral cavity and pharynx (11), studies carried out on patients with potentially malignant disorders (4), and studies without usable data (35). Finally, 14 studies were included in this meta-analysis. The data were analyzed using statistical software RevMan 5.3 (The Cochrane Collaboration, Oxford, UK). For dichotomous outcomes, the estimates of effects of an intervention were expressed as odds ratio (OR) using the Mantel-Haenszel (M-H) method with 95% confidence intervals.

Results: High consumption of the following foods reduced the probability of OFC: Vegetables (49%, P < 0.001), fruits (47%, P < 0.001), carrots (34%, P < 0.01), and pulses (13%, P = 0.02), but not significantly for fish (11%, P = 0.39) and dairy products (8%, P = 0.62). On the contrary, there was an increased risk of OFC with the consumption of bread (OR: 1.42, P < 0.01) or meat (OR: 1.36, P < 0.01), but not significantly for eggs (OR: 1.50, P = 0.10), pasta (OR: 1.24, P = 0.44), potatoes (OR: 1.12, P = 0.44), and cheese (OR: 1.12, P=0.61).

Conclusions: The consumption of vegetables, fruits, and pulses was foods with a protective effect against OFC.

Clinical significance: Dietary changes toward a healthier diet are an effective measure to prevent OFC.

Keywords: Case–control studies, Diet, Food, Mouth neoplasms, Risk factors

How to cite this article: Rodriguez-Archilla A, Calderer- Ortiz M. Influence of diet on oropharyngeal cancer: A metaanalysis. Int Dent Med J Adv Res 2020;6:1-5.

Received 12 April 2020;

Accepted 05 July 2020

Background: Temporomandibular disorders are defined as a group of musculoskeletal and neuromuscular conditions that involve temporomandibular joints, the masticatory muscles, and all associated tissues. Many management modalities have been proposed to treat such disorders; however, there is still wide controversy on most effective therapy.

Aim: Our report aims to demonstrate a simplified approach valid for several temporomandibular disorders, we report two cases of different etiologies, muscular and joint disease. Clinical presentation of jaw function, limitations, and associated signs and symptoms are described, in addition to repeated psychosocial evaluation (axis II) and more than a year follow-up.

Conclusion: Stability of clinical and psychosocial aspects of the temporomandibular disorder seems to increase chances of good response in long term. Further studies need to confirm the efficacy of this treatment modality. Nevertheless, correct diagnosis of the present disorder represents the core of any adequate therapy.

Clinical Significance: Our approach is practical and simple to apply and was effective in both cases with relative follow-up.

Keywords: Chronic pain, degenerative joint disease, myogenous pain, occlusal splint, physical therapy, temporomandibular disorders

How to cite this article: Reda B, Moro L, Dahboul F, Contardo L. Temporomandibular disorders: A simplified treatment approach for different entities. Int Dent Med J Adv Res 2020;6:1-5

Received 06 July 2020;

Accepted 23 July 2020

Background: Chewing efficiency is a problem with complete dentures in completely edentulous patients’ wearers.

Aim: This study aims to correlate between chewing efficiency and muscle kinetics using balanced occlusion and group function occlusion.

Materials and Methods: Twenty edentulous patients were selected and given a complete denture with balanced occlusion (Group A) for 1 month, and then, they were recalled the first denture collected and a new denture using group function (Group B) was given for 1 month. Chewing efficiency was measured using the standardized chewing test units and muscle kinetics was measured using electromyography. After both follow-up periods, patients were asked about their satisfaction with both groups using the visual analog system (VAS).

Results: In balanced occlusion, there was a negative correlation of -0.594 between chewing efficiency and muscle kinetics, which means they are directly proportion to each other. However, in group function occlusion, there was a positive correlation of 0.463, which means they are inversely proportion. On the VAS scale, the patient satisfaction recorded 9 (highly satisfied) with Group A and 5 (Neutral) with Group B.

Conclusion: It can be concluded from this study that the balanced occlusion scheme allowed better chewing efficiency, with lower muscle kinetics, and higher patients’ satisfaction.

Clinical significance: Fabricating complete dentures with balanced occlusion will improve patient quality of life by improving their chewing efficiency.

Keywords: Balanced occlusion, chewing efficiency, complete denture, muscle kinetics

How to cite this article: Elsherbini AN, Abdelkader A. Correlative analysis of occlusal schemes on chewing efficiency and muscles kinetics in complete dentures wearers. Int Dent Med J Adv Res 2020;6:1-5.

Received 25 July 2020;

Accepted 23 August 2020

Background: Mobile phones have become widespread around the globe. These devices emit electromagnetic radiations (EMR) which induce oxidative stresses and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the body tissues. Nowadays, natural antioxidants are widely used to counteract the ROS including the clove bud essential oil.

Aim: The aim of the current study is to investigate the effect of clove bud oil in protecting the parotid glands against the harmful effect of mobile phones EMR.

Methodology: Twelve adult male albino rats were randomly distributed into two groups, six as positive control group (A) exposed to the mobile phone EMR and six as experimental group (B) exposed to EMR followed by administration of clove bud oil as a treatment for 30 successive days. The parotid glands were dissected for histological examination, immunohistochemical localization of myeloperoxidase (MPO), biochemical examination for the measurement of nuclear factor kappa beta (NF-kB), and histomorphometric analysis of diameter and number of serous acini and area percentage of MPO.

Results: The histological examination of the parotid gland of Group (A) revealed loss of the normal architecture of the gland, while Group (B), the architecture was closer to the normal. Statistically, significant decrease in the mean values of MPO and (NF-kB) in Group (B) as compared to Group (A). Histomorphometric analysis revealed significant decrease in the diameter and number of serous acini in Group (A) as compared to Group (B).

Conclusions: Clove bud oil had a positive role against the ROS produced by the mobile phones EMR as it did a noticeable improvement in the structure of the parotid gland due to its antioxidant activity.

Clinical Significance: The clove bud essential oil could be introduced as a natural food preservative and as food additive due to its powerful antioxidant capacity.

Keywords: Antioxidants, Cell phone, Clove oil, Parotid gland, Reactive oxygen species

How to cite this article: Taha RTM, Bashir MH, Al Assal MS. Clove bud oil effect on reactive oxygen species released due to mobile phones electromagnetic radiations on the parotid gland of albino rats. Int Dent Med J Adv Res 2020;6:1-5.

Received 15 august 2020;

Accepted 05 October 2020

Background: In recent years, implant dentistry has flourished and has become the most viable treatment for rehabilitation of edentulous jaw. Most of these implants result in post-operative discomfort along with an unpredictable success rate. To overcome these issues, basal implants emerge as a reliable option for the restoration of the edentulous maxilla or mandible.

Aim: The aim of this study was to compare the mechanical properties between basal disk and basal screw type implants.

Materials and Methods: This research deals with a comparison of disk and screw types of basal implants on the basis of medical and mechanical aspects. We carried out finite element analysis of two types of implants. We applied a force of 100N and observed the maximum stress and deformation developed on the basal disk and screw type of implants.

Results: Stress in disk type implant was 360 MPa, while it was observed to be 136 MPa in the screw type. The total deformation of the disk implant was 1.56, while the total deformation in the screw implant was 1.28.

Conclusion: Hence, we find that screw types of basal implants comparatively have lesser stress values and deformation; hence, they have greater structural integrity and have lesser chances of failure.

Clinical Significance: Basal screw implants are significantly more efficient in clinical use than basal disk implants.

Keywords: Basal disk implant, Basal screw implants, Deformation, Finite element analysis, Stress

How to cite this article: Sharad DS, Meshramkar R, Apoorva N, Gaikwad S. Comparison between basal disk implants and basal screw implants using finite element analysis method. Int Dent Med J Adv Res 2020;6:1-6.

Received 30 September 2020;

Accepted 23 November 2020

Background: Background: Probiotics are micro-organisms, which confer benefits to the host’s health. Many studies support the role of probiotics for improving gastrointestinal health. Several studies have been undertaken to prove its influence on oral health maintenance with the purpose of knowing the importance of using probiotics as preventive and therapeutic methods for oral infectious disease management.

Aim: The aim of this study was to design an indigenous probiotic solution and test its in vitro efficacy against Streptococcus mutans, the predominant bacteria implicated in dental caries.

Materials and Methods: 1. The aim of the present study was to design an indigenous probiotic solution and test its efficacy against S. mutans. 2. Proposed Indigenous Broth was formulated using apple pulp with honey and distilled water. 3. MRS broth (De Men, Rogosa and Sharpe agar): It is a selective culture media required for the growth of Lactobacillus. It was incubated at 35°C, pH 5–6.5 using 5% CO₂ for 24 h. It was used as a control to test the uptake of lactobacilli present in the probiotic capsules which consists of:
• Lactobacillus acidophilus: 0.5 billion.
• Lactobacillus rhamnosus: 0.5 billion.
• Bifidobacterium bifidum: 0.5 billion.
• Bifidobacterium longum: 0.5 billion.
• Streptococcus thermophilus: 0.25 billion.
• Saccharomyces boulardii: 0.25 billion.

Result: The proposed indigenous solution sustained the growth of probiotic bacteria and displayed inhibitory action against S. mutans.

Conclusion: The proposed solution is a viable medium of probiotics formulated from completely natural ingredients. Further studies need to be undertaken to prove its clinical efficacy.

Clinical Significance: Probiotics have been able to suppress the intraoral growth of S. mutans signifying that they can be used as an adjunct to routine dental care in prevention of dental caries. Probiotics can also be used in rural areas where advanced dental health-care services aren’t readily available. They can also be prescribed to children and patients with physical disabilities and mental health disorders as a primary prevention against dental caries.

Key words: Bifidobacterium, dental caries, probiotic, lactic acid, Lactobacillus, Streptococcus mutans

How to cite this article: Khanduja V, Goswami P. Probiotics and its multifaceted usage in dentistry. Int Dent Med J Adv Res 2020;6:1-5.

Received: 06 September 2020;

Accepted: 05 December 2020